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Fuel Cell Power

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1. Commuting Alternatives
2. Electric Cars
3. Energy Efficiency
4. Global Warming
5. Hydroelectric and Wave Power
6. Pollution
7. Solar Power
8. Wind Power

Lists

1. Fuel Cells - Resources (Fuel Cell 2000)
   Provides sources of information by category. 1-01
2. Fuel Cells Suppliers (About.com - Teuwen)
   Provides suppliers and manufacturers. 2-01
3. Street Golf Carts (Awesome Library)
   Describes golf carts that may be usable as neighborhood electric vehicles on streets under federal standards. Local laws will need to be checked. 6-01
4. Tricycling (Awesome Library)
   Provides information on tricycles and quadcycles that could possibly be adapted to fuel cell power and covered with aerodynamic fairings.

Papers

1. -Autos - Fuel Cell Cars (Awesome Library)
   Provides a summary of options for current and near future transportation that avoids pollution, yet is convenient, uses inexpensive fuel, and is safe. 6-01
2. -Autos - Fuel Cell Powered DaimlerChrysler Necar5 (HyWeb)
   Provides pictures and information on possibly the first production car that is powered by a fuel cell. The fuel cell gains electricity to power the car's electric motor by using methanol as a fuel. The Necar5 has been approved for use in Europe and is currently being tested in the USA. "Necar 4, based on a Mercedes-Benz A-class compact car, reaches top speeds of 90 mph... and can travel nearly 280 miles before refueling." The car seats five. 6-01
3. Autos - A History of Electric Autos (Econogics.com)
   Provides a history of attempts to make electric vehicles in the USA. Listed alphabetically by company name. Most of these do not use fuel cells, but zinc-air batteries or fuel cells could make the cars more effective. 5-01
4. Autos - Electric Auto - Regeneration of Zinc-Air Batteries (Electric-Fuel.com)
   Describes regeneration of the most effective batteries for electric vehicles, zinc-air. May be used with zinc-air fuel cells. Sometimes spelled zinc air. 5-01
5. Autos - Electric Auto - Zinc-Air Batteries (Electric-Fuel.com)
   Describes the zinc-air battery, ready for use in electric autos. The battery provides up to eight times the energy of a lead-acid battery, but must be regenerated at a special facility. May be used in conjunction with zinc-air fuel cells. Sometimes spelled zinc air. 5-01
6. Autos - Electric Autos (EV's) (EVUK)
   Describes the latest electric autos. Many of these do not use fuel cells, but zinc-air batteries or fuel cells could make the cars more effective. Awesome Library does not endorse these products, but only provides them as examples. 5-01
7. Autos - Electric Car Battery Comparisons (Hondaev.org)
   Compares the miles each type of car battery will yield in the same car, a Honda EV plus. The types of batteries compared are the lead acid (currently used in most cars), metal hydride (used in the electric Honda), zinc-air (the best), and lithium-ion (not yet available). This car does not use fuel cells, but zinc-air batteries or fuel cells could make the cars more effective. Sometimes spelled zinc air. 5-01
8. Autos - Electric Corbin Sparrow (Corbinmotors.com)
   Provides information on one of the only all electric automobiles currently available in the USA. Goes 30 - 60 miles per charge and goes 0 - 60 in 14 to 17 seconds. Price listed near 15,000 dollars. (With a zinc-air battery or fuel cell, it may get as far as 350 miles per charge.) Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
9. Autos - Electric Ford Think (ThinkMobility.com)
   Describes the all electric car. Goes up to 56 miles per hour and gets 53 miles per charge on NiCad batteries. With a fuel cell instead, mileage per charge should be much more. Price was not listed. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 6-01
10. Autos - Electric General Motors EV1 (General Motors Electric Vehicle)
    Provides the specifications for the electric car that uses lead-acid or nickle-metal hydride batteries, goes up to 80 mph, and can go up to 130 miles on a charge. The price was listed as starting around 34,000. 6-01
11. Autos - Electric Gizmo (Neighborhood Electric Vehicle Company)
    Describes the neighborhood electric vehicle designed to meet federal standards for use on public streets. It has a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour and costs between 7,500 and 8,000 dollars. With a fuel cell instead of lead-acid batteries, mileage per charge should be triple. Price listed between $8,500 - $9,000. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 6-01
12. Autos - Electric Solectria (Solectria)
    Provides information on one of the only all electric automobiles currently available in the USA. Goes up to 100 miles per charge with a nickel metal hydride battery. (With a zinc-air battery or fuel cell, it may get as far as 300 miles per charge.) Sometimes spelled zinc air. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
13. Autos - Fuel Cell Power (Necar 4)
    "Necar 4, based on a Mercedes-Benz A-class compact car, reaches top speeds of 90 mph... and can travel nearly 280 miles before refueling." The car seats five. Fuel cells generate no pollution and can be refueled in minutes. 5-01
14. Autos - Fuel Cell Powered Autos (HyWeb)
    Provides pictures and information on all cars and buses known to be under development that are powered by hydrogen fuel cells. 5-01
15. Autos - Fuel Cell Powered Ford (ThinkMobility.com)
    Provides pictures and information on Ford cars that are powered by methanol or hydrogen fuel cells. Demonstration level only. Awesome Library does not endorse these products, but only provides them as examples. 5-01
16. Autos - Fuel Cell Types (Fuel Cells 2000)
    Describes of types of fuel cells, potential power for cars and trucks. 12-00
17. Autos - Natural Gas (Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition)
    Describes why natural gas is the least polluting of fuels for cars that are now widely available. Natural gas is often used with fuel cell technology. 12-00
18. Autos - Solar Cells (Uni-Solar)
    Provides photovoltaic thin film for application to car roofs, trunks, hoods, etc. Pricing is under 400 dollars for 32 watt (1.94 amps and 16.5 volts) flexible panels. A panel weighs about 4.7 pounds and is .25 inches thick. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 6-01
19. Autos - The Least Polluting Cars (CNN - Environmental Network News Staff)
    "According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, vehicle exhaust accounts for 70 percent of smog in the United States." The Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight are two of the least pollution cars available in the USA because they use hybrid gas and electric power. 4-01
20. Autos - Zinc-Air Fuel Cell Power (EV World)
    Interviews Jeff Colborn of Metallic Power, the developer of the first commercial zinc-air fuel cell for electric vehicles. Describes the way the fuel cell works and compares it with the zinc-air battery. 6-01
21. Battery Comparisons (Hondaev.org)
    Compares the miles each type of car battery will yield in the same car, a Honda EV plus. The types of batteries compared are the lead acid (currently used in most cars), metal hydride (used in the electric Honda), zinc-air (the best), and lithium-ion (not yet available). Sometimes spelled zinc air. 5-01
22. Battery Recharging Problems With Lead-Acid (Neighborhood Electric Vehicle Company)
    Describes how lead-acid batteries deteriorate with time and suggests solutions for the problems. 6-01
23. Bicycles (Awesome Library)
    Summarizes strengths and weaknesses of bicycles and makes some recommendations. 6-01
24. Fuel Cell Car Announced by Ford (New Jersey Online - Fowler)
    Provides an announcement by Ford that it will introduce a hybrid car, a Ford Focus, in 2004. 3-02
25. Fuel Cell Cars - Ford Testing Models (MSNBC)
    Describes Ford Motor Company's tests of fuel cell powered cars in California. 6-01
26. Fuel Cell Glossary (HyWeb)
    Provides definitions or explanations of key terms used in connection with generating electrical energy from hydrogen fuel cells. 5-01
27. Fuel Cell Power in the Future (EV World)
    Interviews Bob Roes, Executive Director of Fuel Cell 2000, a leader in fuel cell development. Describes the way the fuel cell works and discusses applications in the future. 6-01
28. Fuel Cell Types (U.S. Office of Transportation)
    Describes the fuel cell, its benefits, and more. Fuel cells are designed to leave no pollution when used to power cars. 1-01
29. Fuel Cells (Hpower.com)
    Provides fuel cells and equipment to test fuel cells. 6-01
30. Fuel Cells - European Strategy (Energieverwertungsagentur)
    Discusses the plan for increasing the use of fuel cells and hydrogen power for the future. 1-01
31. Fuel Cells - How They Work (Anuvu)
    Describes a hydrogen based fuel cell and uses technical terms. 6-01
32. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen (Wired.com - Leslie)
    Discusses the role of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen power for the future, in motor vehicles and homes. Predicts that hydrogen will be the primary fuel source in this century because it is electrochemical, 2.5 times more efficient than fossil fuels, and is nonpolluting. 1-01
33. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen Fuel Cell Manufacturer (Ballard.com)
    Describes the hydrogen fuel cell, its benefits, and more. Also provides an animation. Hydrogen fuel cells are designed to leave no pollution when used to power alternative fuel cars or homes. Ballard is one of the world's first major manufacturers of hydrogen fuel cells for motor vehicles and other applications. 1-01
34. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen Production (HyWeb)
    Provides highly technical information about how hydrogen is produced. Hydrogen is a fuel for fuel cells. 5-01
35. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cells (Michigan State University - Svoboda, Ngo, Gutz, and Johnson)
    Describes a breakthrough in hydrogen storage, the MAIN barrier to the use of renewable, nonpolluting hydrogen as a fuel source in automobiles. Hydrogen fuel cells can provide up to 2.5 more energy efficiency than fossil fuel power, such as gasoline or diesel. The new storage method uses carbon nanotubes or graphite nanofibers, allowing travel up to thousands of miles on a single tank of hydrogen--at low cost and with no pollution. As of 2000, results were inconclusive and no working model had been placed in a car to test performance. 1-01
36. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cells (Post-Gazette.com - Spice)
    Describes a new storage method for hydrogen that uses carbon nanotubes, allowing travel by automobile for thousands of miles on a single tank of hydrogen. 1-01
37. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cells (Redstone)
    Describes a breakthrough in hydrogen storage, the MAIN barrier to the use of renewable, nonpolluting hydrogen as a fuel source in automobiles. Hydrogen fuel cells can provide up to 2.5 more energy efficiency than fossil fuel power, such as gasoline or diesel. The new storage method uses carbon nanotubes or graphite nanofibers, allowing travel up to thousands of miles on a single tank of hydrogen--at low cost and with no pollution. As of 2000, results were inconclusive and no working model had been placed in a car to test performance. 1-01
38. Fuel Cells - Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cells (theAutoChannel.com)
    Describes a breakthrough in hydrogen storage, the MAIN barrier to the use of renewable, nonpolluting hydrogen as a fuel source in automobiles. Hydrogen fuel cells can provide up to 2.5 more energy efficiency than fossil fuel power, such as gasoline or diesel. The new storage tank was developed by a team from IMPCO, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Alcoa, and Thiokol Propulsion. 1-01
39. Fuel Cells - International Development Efforts (Department of Energy - Patil)
    Discusses efforts to develop fuel cells in different countries. 1-01
40. Fuel Cells - What They Are (Fuel Cells 2000)
    Describes the fuel cell, its benefits, and more. Also provides a picture. Fuel cells are designed to leave no pollution when used to power cars. 3-00
41. Fuel Cells - What They Are (InternationalFuelCells.com)
    Describes the fuel cell, its benefits, and more. Also provides a picture. Fuel cells are designed to leave no pollution when used to power cars. 1-01
42. Fuel Cells - What They Are (National Fuel Cell Research Center)
    Describes the fuel cell, its benefits, and more. Also provides a picture. Fuel cells are designed to leave no pollution when used to power cars. 3-00
43. Fuel Cells - Zinc-Air (MetallicPower.com)
    Describes a zinc-air fuel cell and compares it to zinc-air batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. Zinc fuel can be transported more inexpensively, compactly, and safely than hydrogen. The zinc-air fuel cell can be regenerated (refueled) in minutes, compared to hours for a typical zinc-air battery. The fuel cell can also be regenerated conveniently with household electricity, while the batteries require specialists or large, expensive units for regeneration. Sometimes spelled zinc air. 5-01
44. Fuel Cells and Methanol (American Methanol Institute)
    Describes the fuel cell, its benefits, and more. Also provides a picture. Fuel cells are designed to leave no pollution when used to power cars. 3-00
45. Fuel Cells for Electric Cars (Why Files)
    Describes the use of fuel cells in cars, expected in 2004.
    1-02
46. Fuel Cells for Iceland (World Press Review - Asmundsson)
    Reports that Iceland plans to become the first nation use fuel cells, hydroenergy, and geothermal energy instead of fossil fuels. 2-02
47. Golf Carts Now Allowed - New Federal Standard (Neighborhood Electric Vehicle Company - Murphy)
    Presents the new Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 500 (49 CFR 571.500), which allows four wheel motor vehicles designed to go under 25 miles per hour to use neighborhood streets. However, the new standard "requires low-speed vehicles to be equipped with headlamps, stop lamps, turn signal lamps, taillamps, reflex reflectors, parking brakes, rearview mirrors, windshields, seat belts, and vehicle identification numbers." Neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) are now supported by federal law. 6-01
48. How Fuel Cells Work (Plug Power)
    Provides diagrams and instructions on how fuel cells work. 6-01
49. Hydrogen Fuel Benefits (U.S. Senator Harry Reid)
    Provides reasons for converting to hydrogen as a fuel source, such as that it is not toxic and produces no pollution. 12-00
50. Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Cars (California Energy Commission)
    Describes a hydrogen fuel cell that can be used in cars. 9-01
51. Hydrogen Research (NREL)
    "The vision is staggering - a society powered almost entirely by hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe. In this vision, renewable resources such as biomass, wind, and solar energy are used to extract hydrogen from water. When the hydrogen is used as an energy source, it generates no emissions other than water, which is recycled to make more hydrogen. Making this vision a reality in the 21st Century is the goal of researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 6-01
52. Neightborhood Electric Vehicles (Neighborhood Electric Vehicle Company - Murphy)
    Provides a speech about the need to use "neighborhood electric vehicles" or NEVs that travel up to 25 - 40 miles per hour for local transportation and light loads. Equipped with fuel cells, they could travel three times further between charges and would not need an electrical outlet at night. Some may require new city and state laws to allow them to operate within the same licensing requirements as motorcycles. 6-01
53. Recumbent Tricycle - Greenspeed (Greenspeed.com)
    Describes the product with a variety of versions, including fully enclosed (fairings), tandem, compact, quad-powered, hand-powered, battery powered, and solar powered. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. Sometimes called three-wheel bicycles. 6-01
54. Regeneration of Fuel Cells (ZMitlitsky)
    Describes the Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC). Regenerating or "recharging" hydrogen fuel in a fuel cell is a key for practical use of fuel cells in autos. 5-01
55. Rickshaws - Electric Rickshaw (Lynch Motor)
    Describes the product, a motorized tricycle. This version has a weather cover and passenger seats. If it used a zinc-air fuel cell or battery, it would have three times the distance per charge. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
56. Rickshaws - Electric Rickshaw (NARI)
    Describes the product, a motorized tricycle which goes up to 70 km at 40 km per hour on one charge. This version has a weather cover and passenger seats. If it used a zinc-air fuel cell or battery, it would have three times the distance per charge. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
57. Rickshaws - Electric Rickshaw (Pedicab)
    Describes the product, a motorized tricycle. This version has a weather cover and passenger seats. Goes up to 15 mph with a range of 20 miles and costs around 6,000 dollars. Recharges in 3 hours. If it used a zinc-air fuel cell or battery, it would have three times the distance per charge. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
58. Solar Photovoltaics With Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Schools Going Solar)
    Describes a student project designed to use solar panels as a source of electricty for electrolysis to create hydrogen fuel for a fuel cell. 5-01
59. Three-Wheel Bicycles - Electric Tricycles and Bicycles (Elite)
    Describes the products. If the products used a zinc-air fuel cell or battery, it would have three times the distance per charge. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
60. Three-Wheel Bicycles - Electric Tricycles, Bicycles, and Scooters (Electric Power Bikes)
    Describes the products. If the products used a zinc-air fuel cell or battery, it would have three times the distance per charge. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01
61. Three-Wheel Bicycles - Electric Tricycles, Bicycles, and Scooters (Powered Cycles)
    Describes the products. If the products used a zinc-air fuel cell or battery, it would have three times the distance per charge. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 5-01