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Chemistry

Sub-Topics
Biochemistry

Books

1. Chemistry 101 - Online Textbook (Bishop, Shih, and Adeboji)
   Provides a comprehensive text on basic topics, such as the mole and atomic weights.

Lesson Plans

1. Acids and Bases (University of British Columbia - Herring, Beckie, Gosden, Dossa, Cheng, Lau, Gozjolko, and Pleasance)
   Provides 20 sequential lessons, including quizzes. 2-00
2. Chemicals and Reactions - Grade 10 (British Columbia Ministry of Education)
   Provides a lesson plan for the 10th grade level. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. 2-01
3. Chemistry - Drill on Elements (Infobahn Xpress)
   Provides interactive drills or exams.
4. Chemistry Lessons - Grade 11 (British Columbia Ministry of Education)
   Provides lessons on lab safety, measurement and communication, matter and its changes, classification and nomenclature for atoms, molecules and ions, molarity, molar volume of gases, percent composition, stoichiometry, introduction to chemical reactions, periodic tables, chemical bonding, solution chemistry, and organic chemistry, including hydrocarbons and functional groups. For the 11th grade level. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. 2-01
5. Chemistry Lessons - Grade 12 (British Columbia Ministry of Education)
   Provides lessons on reaction kinetics (Collision Theory, Reaction Mechanisms, and Catalysts), dynamic equilibrium (Le Châtelier's Principle and the Equilibrium Constant), solubility equilibria (Concept of Solubility, Solubility and Precipitation, and Quantitative Aspects), acids, bases, and salts (Properties and Definition, Strong and Weak Acids and Bases, Kw, pH, pOH, Ka, and Kb Problem Solving, Hydrolysis of Salts, Indicators, Neutralizations of Acids and Bases, Buffer Solutions, and Acid Rain), oxidation-reduction (Balancing Redox Equations, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, and Electrolytic Cells. For the 12th grade level. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. 2-01
6. Elements - Lyrics to a Song to Learn the Elements (Maricopa - Leher)
   Provides a song with most of the elements. 10-01
7. Elements, Compounds, and Reactions - Grade 9 (British Columbia Ministry of Education)
   Provides a lesson plan for the 9th grade level. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. 2-01
8. Math - Basic Math for the Sciences (Dallas Community College District - Logan)
   Provides a clear introduction to basic math topics that are used in science. Includes scientific notation, the metric system, significant digits, logs and anti-logs, experimentation, graphing, algebraic formulation, algebraic method and more. 10-01
9. Matter, Properties, and the Periodic Table - Grade 8 (British Columbia Ministry of Education)
   Provides a lesson plan for the 8th grade level. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. 2-01

Lists

1. Atoms (Rader New Media)
2. Chemical Reactions (Rader New Media)
3. Chemistry Departments at Select Colleges and Universities (Dallas Community College District - Logan)
   Provides annotated links to dozens of Chemistry Departments. 10-01
4. Chemistry Education Resources (Dallas Community College District - Logan)
   Provides annotated links to over 100 carefully selected resources and lessons in chemistry. 10-01
5. Chemistry Lessons and Resources (Guch)
   Provides a wide variety information for teachers and students as well as lessons.
6. Chemistry Resources (ChemCAI)
7. Chemistry Resources (Wright)
   Provides links, lessons, chemistry departments of high schools and colleges, databases, and more. 2-00
8. Chemistry for Kids (Rader New Media)
9. Elements (Rader New Media)
10. Matter (Rader New Media)
11. References for Chemistry (Dallas Community College District - Logan)
    Provides key reference information, including Atoms and Molecules, Periodic Table, Elements, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Safety, Chemical References, Chemical Pointer Sites, Liquid Crystals, and more. 10-01

Materials

1. 3D Models of Molecules (World Chemistry - Bailey)
   Provides movable 3D models of molecules of different shapes. Your mouse can be used to rotate the 3D model 360 degrees to gain a very clear picture of the bonds. 8-01
2. Basics of Chemistry - Quizzes (Ohio State University)
   Provides online quizzes on basic chemistry. 8-01
3. Chemical Finder (Chemfinder.com)
   Enter a chemical name, CAS Number, molecular formula, or molecular weight and the site will provide details of the compound or element. Also provides, through free software, substructures. 2-02
4. Chemistry Virginia Tech
5. Instrumental Methods for Chemistry
6. Software and Other Resources for Chemistry Teachers (Couteur) 1-01

Multimedia

1. Chemistry Principles (Spectrum)
   Provides media to help teach a few basic concepts in chemistry, physics, and more. 4-00
2. Protein Synthesis - Animation
   Provides an animation of protein synthesis in Macromedia Flash.

Papers

1. Acids - Naming Acids (Ortego)
   Explains how acids are named, including examples. 6-01
2. Acids - Why Acids React With Bases (Simon Fraser University - Lower)
   Provides an explanation suitable for advanced high school students or early college students. 2-00
3. Acids and Bases - Definitions (University of Alberta - Plambeck)
   Provides historical definitions of acids and bases, but starts with the most current definition - "The chemistry of acids and bases is the chemistry of reactions in which protons are transferred." 8-01
4. Acids and Bases - Observable Properties (Park)
   Explains how acids and bases act and react in observable conditions. 8-01
5. Acids and Bases - Properties (Seely)
   Provides a table of the physical properties of commercial acids and bases. 2-00
6. Alloys (Seely)
   Provides a table on the composition and physical properties of alloys. 2-00
7. American Chemical Society
   Provides links to databases, a meeting locator, links to curriculum materials and chemical supplies, and more. 1-01
8. Amino Acids
9. Answers to the Most Frequently Asked Chemistry Questions (Dallas Community College District - Logan)
   Answers questions in 11 subject areas, such as acids and bases. 10-01
10. Atoms - Structure (EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Barbalace)
    Provides a simplistic model of atoms that is not a true representation but is used to describe some of the basic concpets, such as atom number, atomic mass, charge of an atom, and energy levels. 9-01
11. Attractions - Dipole to Dipole and Others (Bishop)
    Provides steps and a flow chart to determine the types and strengths of attractions between particles, such as dipole-dipole. 6-01
12. Bad Chemistry (Princeton Section of the American Chemical Society - Lehmann)
    Provides examples of commonly misunderstood, and therefore sometimes incorrectly taught, concepts in chemistry. 2-00
13. Basic Chemistry Terms (ThinkQuest 3659 - CHEMystery)
    Explains acids and bases, hydroxide bases, Lewis acids and bases, electrolytes, acid-base reactions, Lewis acid-base reactions, pH scale, and dozens of other basic terms in chemistry. 8-01
14. Basics of Chemistry (ChemTutor.com - Wilner)
    Provides explanations regarding the elements, atomic structure, mols, states of matter, oxidation and reduction (redox), acids and bases, kinetics, compounds, solutions, and more. 2-00
15. Basics of Chemistry (Thinkquest2923)
    Provides a tutorial on equations, significant figures, types of chemical reactions, calculators, and laboratory tests for cations, anions, and gases. 8-01
16. Basics of Chemistry (University of Alberta - Plambeck)
    Covers An Introduction to Chemistry, Atoms and Molecules, Molar Stoichiometry, Gases - The Empirical Gas Laws, Gases - The Ideal Gas Law, Kinetic-Molecular Theory Explains the Ideal Gas Law, From Heat to Enthalpy, Enthalpy Changes in Reactions, Chemical Equilibrium - A Dynamic Concept, Chemical Equilibrium - Equilibrium Constants, Chemical Equilibrium - Gas-Phase Equilibria, Acids and Bases (Aqueous Terms and Concepts, Aqueous Reactions, Acidities of Aqueous Solutions, and Buffer Solutions), Acid-Base Titrations, Solutions and Solubility, Solubility of Ionic Salts in Water, Ionic Interactions in Aqueous Solutions, Matter and Energy - Spectroscopy, Electrons in Atoms, Electrons in Molecules, The Covalent Bond, and Shapes of Molecules - Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. 8-01
17. Biogas Chemistry (SD Dimensions)
    Provides key chemical information related to biogas. 6-01
18. Chemical Bonding (Remy)
    Provides examples of problems and solutions. Includes Molecules and formulas, Valence and core electrons, Lewis structures, Writing Lewis structures, Octet rule, Formal charge, Resonance structures, VSEPR, Bond polarity, Molecule polarity, Valence bond theory, Hybrid orbitals, Multiple bonds, Molecular orbital theory, Wave interference, Bond order, and Higher energy orbitals. 6-01
19. Chemical Bonding (Simon Fraser University - Lower)
    Provides an explanation suitable for advanced high school students or early college students. 2-00
20. Chemical Elements - Periodic Table (Bentor)
    Provides details of each element on a periodic table. Also provides information by element group or by characteristic, such as atomic mass.
21. Chemical Finder (ChemFinder.com)
    Provides a search engine for chemical compounds. 3-01
22. Chemistry - Advanced (Remy)
    Provides examples of problems and solutions. Includes Units, conversions and significant figures, Error Analysis, Physical Properties, Naming rules, Stoichiometry, Solutions, Gases, Atomic Structure, Bonding, Thermochemistry, Liquid and solid properties, Kinetics, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Precipitation Equilibrium, Spontaneity and Entropy, Electrochemistry, Nuclear Chemistry, Complex Ions, and Organic Chemistry. 6-01
23. Chemistry 1 (Glencoe)
    Provides Web links to chemistry information, organized into 30 topics. 11-99
24. Chemistry 2 (Glencoe)
    Provides Web links to chemistry information, organized into 21 topics. 11-99
25. Chemistry Lessons, Resources, and Outcomes (British Columbia Ministry of Education)
    Provides discussions, outcomes, and lessons on chemistry for the 11th and 12th grade levels. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. 2-01
26. Chemistry Search Engine (Bishop, Shih, and Adeboji)
    Provides a search engine for instructional text on basic chemistry, high school level.
27. College Chemistry (Purdue - Walton)
    Provides an introduction to college chemistry, including Measurement, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures, Stoichiometry, Gases, Thermochemistry, Structure of the Atom, An Introduction to Ionic Compounds, The Covalent Bond, Main-Group Metals, Redox Reactions, The Chemistry of Nonmetals, Acids and Bases, Transition-Metal Chemistry, The Structure of Solids, Liquids, Solutions, Gas-Phase Reactions, Acid-Base Equilibria, Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria, Oxidation-Reduction Reactions, Electrochemistry, Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics, Nuclear Chemistry, Intermolecular Forces, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Introduction to Materials Science, Organic Chemistry - Structure and Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons, Organic Chemistry - Functional Groups, and Organic Chemistry - Reaction Mechanisms. 6-01
28. College Chemistry Index (Purdue - Walton)
    Provides an alphabetical listing of resources in chemistry by key word. Includes a search engine. 6-01
29. Covalent Bonding (University of Alberta - Plambeck)
    Provides a short explanation. 6-01
30. Deionized Water (Solid State Materials And Devices Research Laboratory)
    Describes how to deionize water. 7-01
31. Dipole Forces (Remy)
    Defines permanent (not induced) dipole forces. "One form of interaction between molecules are London Dispersion forces, or induced dipole forces. These exist between any two molecules, and should not be confused with the permanent dipole forces between polar molecules." "...London forces are increased by 1. How easy it is to form a dipole - larger molecule or atom size helps" and "2. The number of electrons in the atom or molecule." 6-01
32. Elements - Periodic Table of Elements (Dayah)
    Elements are grouped into eight classes, according to their properties. 6-00
33. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Occidental College - Lambert)
    Provides the formula for entropy, as well as a beginning explanation of what it means. 2-00
34. Gloassary of Chemical Terms Related to Air Pollution (Sam Houston State University)
    Provides definitions of chemistry terms that relate to air quality and pollution. 8-01
35. Glossary of Chemistry Terms (EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Barbalace)
    Provides an alphabetic dictionary of terms. 9-01
36. History of Discoveries in Chemistry Since 1900 (Nobel Foundation)
    Explains the development of chemistry since 1900. Also provides short autobiographies of the Nobel laureates in chemistry during the 20th century. 9-00
37. Ionic and Covalent Bonds Defined (Andrew Rader Studios)
    Defines and explains ionic compared to covalent bonds of compounds. "Covalent compounds happen when the electrons are shared by the atoms and ionic compounds happen when electrons are donated from one atom to another." Also points out that "most compounds are combinations of ionic and covalent bonds." 6-01
38. Ionization - Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds (Ortego)
    Explains binary and ternay compounds, including examples. 6-01
39. Ionization Constants (Ortego)
    Provides a table of ionization constants for weak acids and weak bases. 6-01
40. Kevlar and Stephanie Kwolek (Dolan)
    Provides a short history of the invention of Kevlar by Stephanie Kwolek. Kevlar is a new fiber, called an aramid fiber, made of a new type of substance, called a liquid crystalline solution. 1-02
41. Kinetics (Remy)
    Provides examples of problems and solutions. Includes Arrhenius equation, Catalysts, Collision rate model, Elementary reactions, Instanteous rate, Integrated rate laws, Reaction mechanism, Reaction order, Reaction rate, Transition state rate model, Steric factor, Zeroth-order reactions, First-order reactions, and Second-order reactions. 6-01
42. Lewis Dot Structures (Dallas Community College District - Logan)
    Provides clear and specific steps for drawing Lewis Structures. 10-01
43. Lewis Dot Structures - Eight Rules (California State University - Wegner)
    Provides eight rules for drawing Lewis Dot Structures. A Lewis structure consists of the electron distribution in a compound and the formal charge on each atom. You are expected to be able to draw such structures to represent the electronic structure of compounds. 6-01
44. Lewis Structures (Logan)
    Includes Formal Charge, Resonance Structures, Valence, Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Bond and Molecular Polarity, Intermolecular Forces, and Molecular Modelling. "A Lewis symbol is a symbol in which the electrons in the valence shell of an atom or simple ion are represented by dots placed around the letter symbol of the element. Each dot represents one electron." 6-01
45. Lewis Structures (Purdue - Walton)
    Shows how to write Lewis Structures using a trial and error method, drawing skeleton structures, molecules that contain too many or too few electrons, and more. 6-01
46. Lewis Structures (Wojciechowski and Cerpovicz)
    Includes Formal Charge, Resonance Structures, Valence, Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Bond and Molecular Polarity, Intermolecular Forces, and Molecular Modelling. "A Lewis symbol is a symbol in which the electrons in the valence shell of an atom or simple ion are represented by dots placed around the letter symbol of the element. Each dot represents one electron." 6-01
47. Lewis Structures - Complete Set of Rules (Wegner)
    Provides a short description of each rule. 6-01
48. Lewis Structures - Eight Rules (California State University - Wegner)
    Provides eight rules for writing Lewis Structures. "A Lewis structure consists of the electron distribution in a compound and the formal charge on each atom. You are expected to be able to draw such structures to represent the electronic structure of compounds." 6-01
49. Lewis Structures - How to Draw (Ortego)
    Provides instructions on how to write Lewis Structures in seven steps. Includes nine examples, including four that do not follow the Octet Rule. 6-01
50. Lewis Structures - How to Draw (Remy)
    Provides four steps and examples. 6-01
51. Lewis Structures - Predicting Electronic Structures of Covalently Bonded Molecules (The Ohio State University - Grandinetti)
    Provides instructions and examples. 6-01
52. Lewis Structures - Problems and Explanations (Umbel)
    Provides examples of problems and solutions. 6-01
53. Lewis Structures - The Octet Rule (Park)
    Provides examples of problems and solutions. 6-01
54. Lewis Structures of Atoms (University of Alberta - Plambeck)
    Provides a short explanation. 6-01
55. Lewis Structures of Molecules (University of Alberta - Plambeck)
    Provides a short explanation. 6-01
56. London Dispersion Forces (Remy)
    "One form of interaction between molecules are London Dispersion forces, or induced dipole forces. These exist between any two molecules, and should not be confused with the permanent dipole forces between polar molecules." "...London forces are increased by 1. How easy it is to form a dipole - larger molecule or atom size helps" and "2. The number of electrons in the atom or molecule." 6-01
57. Molar Mass Calculator (EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Barbalace)
    Defines and describes molar mass and provides a calculator. 9-01
58. Molarity, Molality, and Normality (EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Barbalace)
    Defines and describes molarity, molalitiy, and normality. 9-01
59. Mole - A Definition (Herbert)
    Defines a mole in historical terms, including Avogadro's role. Good for a high school chemistry student or older. 8-01
60. Mole - A Definition (Kiwi Web)
    Defines a mole in technical terms. 8-01
61. Nutrients of Foods
    Provides a table on the fat, protein, carbohydrate, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and calories offered by many foods. 2-00
62. Organic Chemistry - A Short History (PageWise)
    Provides a short history on the development of the field of organic chemistry. 8-01
63. Osmosis - Reverse Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure (Lachish)
    Provides an explanation of osmotic pressure, as well as a diagram. 9-99
64. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure (Lachish)
    Provides an explanation. 2-00
65. Oxidation-Reduction or Redox (Simon Fraser University - Lower)
    Provides an explanation suitable for advanced high school students or early college students. 2-00
66. Periodic Chart of Elements (Molecular Arts Corp.)
    Search for elements by category, valence, formula, weight, or orbitals. 1-01
67. Periodic Table of Elements (EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Barbalace)
    Provides detailed information on each element, including uses. 9-01
68. Periodic Table of Elements (Winter)
    Provides the periodic table, along with significant information on each element.
69. Problem Solving Steps (Okanagan University College - Woodcock)
    Provides four basic steps in solving problems in science. The steps are to analyze, brainstorm, calculate, defend, and evaluate. 2-00
70. Quantum Primer (Simon Fraser University - Lower)
    Provides an explanation of quantum theory as it applies to light, waves, electrons, and more. 2-00
71. Reactions - Basics (Chem4Kids.com)
    Explains acids and bases, equilibrium, thermochemistry, and reaction rates. Includes drawings. 8-01
72. Redox Reactions and Equations (Kiwi Web)
    Defines and describes reactions, along with the equations that explain them. 8-01
73. Reference Information (Towson University - Ladon)
    Provides handouts in introductory chemistry at a college level. Developed by a tutor for college students in chemistry. 2-00
74. Resonance Hybrids (Purdue - Walton)
    "When we can write more than one satisfactory Lewis structure, the molecule is an average, or resonance hybrid, of these structures." 6-01
75. Second Law of Thermodynamics (Lambert)
    Provides a discussion of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, including Time's Arrow, Murphy's Law, Activation Energy, Chemical Kinetics, andChemical Bonds. 6-01
76. Solubility Table and Rules(Ortego)
    Provides a table of solubility of compounds in water and rules of solubility for common salts and hydrioxides. 6-01
77. Standard Reduction Potentials (Ortego)
    Provides a table of standard reduction potentials of different acidic solutions. 6-01
78. Stoichiometry (Remy)
    Provides examples of problems and solutions. Includes Avagadro's number, Balancing chemical equations, Mole relations in chemical equations, Limiting reagent, The mole, Molecular weight, Percent composition, Simplest formula, Molecular formula, and Percentage Yield. 6-01
79. Superabsorbers (Scientific American - Christie and Retseck)
    Provides a description of superabsorbers, using disposable diapers as an example. 11-00
80. Synonyms of Chemicals (Seely)
    Provides common names for chemical compounds, such as "saltpeter" is actually potassium nitrate. 2-00

Projects

1. Chemistry Labs and Demonstrations 1 (Gormley)
   Provides over two dozen labs and demonstrations in chemistry and science.
2. Chemistry Labs and Demonstrations 2 (Gormley)
   Provides over two dozen labs and demonstrations in chemistry and science. These are more advanced studies than in Demonstrations 1.
3. Chemistry Projects by Grade Level (University of Michigan)
4. Problem Solving Activities in Chemistry
5. Rockets - Make a Bubble-Powered Rocket (NASA - Jet Propulsion Lab)
   Provides directions for creating a rocket at home. Made of paper, a canister, tape, water, and an antacid. 3-00
6. Water and Ice Density (New York University - Mathmol)
   Provides an experiment that can be performed in a typical classroom to determine the densities of water and ice. 10-01